What it is
Eviction protection, road transport aid and cheaper customer service calls
It is a royal decree-law. It was introduced on 23 December 2020. Introduced by: Gobierno.
Official title: Royal Decree-Law 37/2020, of December 22, on urgent measures to address situations of social and economic vulnerability in the field of housing and transport.
Source: Congreso de los Diputados, file 130/000037· updated 11 Nov
Automatic summary, not yet reviewed
- Tenants in economic hardship with no housing alternative can ask the court for an extraordinary suspension of the eviction of their main home while the state of alarm lasts. Social services must issue a report and the judge decides whether to suspend it.
- In cases of occupying a home without title, the judge may suspend the eviction if the home belongs to a large landlord (more than ten homes or a legal entity) and the occupants are vulnerable, dependent, victims of gender violence Violence a woman suffers from a current or former partner because she is a woman. or live with minors. No suspension applies if a crime was involved, if the owner lives there, or if the entry happened after the rule came into force.
- Companies running regular road passenger transport services under state contracts can request an economic rebalancing of their contracts due to the drop in demand caused by COVID-19, between June 22, 2020 and June 30, 2021. An advance payment will be made before May 31, 2021 and the maximum age of vehicles is extended by fifteen months.
- If a company provides a customer service phone line, calling it cannot cost more than a call to a standard geographic landline or mobile, and an alternative number must be offered on equal terms. Basic services (water, gas, electricity, banking, insurance, transport, health and others) must have a free phone line.
- Failing to meet customer service obligations becomes a sanctionable offense, as does failing to remove the effects of an abusive clause declared null by a court or sanctioned administratively.
- If the Administration does not adopt protection measures within three months of the social services report, landlords and owners can request compensation equal to the average rent in the area plus ordinary expenses. Also, while the state of alarm lasts, electricity, gas or water supply cannot be cut off to vulnerable consumers.
Who it affects
- Vulnerable tenants with no housing alternative: They can ask to suspend their eviction while the state of alarm lasts.
- Landlords and property owners: They can receive compensation if the Administration takes more than three months to act.
- Road passenger transport companies: They can rebalance their contracts economically and receive an advance payment.
- Consumers and users: Calling customer service will cost at most a normal call, and will be free for basic services.
- Vulnerable electricity, gas and water consumers: Their supply cannot be cut off during the state of alarm.
Words worth knowing
- Lanzamiento
- The act of physically removing a person from the home after an eviction.
- Gran tenedor
- A natural or legal person owning more than ten homes.
- Reequilibrio económico
- Economic adjustment of the contract to compensate the company for losses it is not responsible for.
- Consumidor vulnerable
- A low-income person entitled to aid such as the electricity social bonus.
- Cláusula abusiva
- A contract term unfairly imposed on the consumer that is null and void.
- gender violence
- Violence a woman suffers from a current or former partner because she is a woman.
It summarizes the law as published in the BOE. It is written by artificial intelligence and may contain mistakes: the official text is what counts. Read the official text · How we make summaries
Where it stands
How far did it get?
It took 7 of 7 steps. It reached BOE, and today it is passed.
- Introduced23 December 2020Someone registers the text in the Congreso.
- Admitted13 January 2021The Bureau of the Congreso accepts it and, for a members’ bill, the plenary decides whether to consider it.
- Amendmentsno dateGroups propose changes.
- Committeeno dateA committee goes through the text in detail.
- Plenary13 January 2021All 350 deputies vote.
- Senateno dateThe Senate can pass it, amend it or veto it.
- BOEno dateIt is published in the Official State Gazette (BOE) and comes into force.
See the 4 official steps on a timeline
28 January 2021
How did the plenary vote?
Voted on: Processing as a Government bill by the urgent procedure of Royal Decree-Law 37/2020, of December 22, on urgent measures to address situations of social and economic vulnerability in the field of housing and transport.
This law had 2 votes; this is the latest with every deputy’s vote. See them all
Source: Congreso de los Diputados, vote 8 of sitting 70· updated 11 Nov
Each dot is a seat. Tap one, or use the arrow keys, to see who it is.
Your province
How did the deputies from your province vote?
And your senators: the Senate does not link its votes to this law in its open data, so we cannot put them side by side here.
Or see how most of each province voted
- A Coruña More votes in favour 8 yes · 0 no
- Albacete More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Alicante/Alacant More votes in favour 12 yes · 0 no
- Almería More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Araba/Álava More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Asturias More votes in favour 7 yes · 0 no
- Ávila More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Badajoz More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Barcelona More votes in favour 30 yes · 0 no · 2 abst.
- Bizkaia More votes in favour 7 yes · 0 no
- Burgos More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Cáceres More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Cádiz More votes in favour 9 yes · 0 no
- Cantabria More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Castellón/Castelló More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Ceuta More votes in favour 1 yes · 0 no
- Ciudad Real More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Córdoba More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Cuenca More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Gipuzkoa More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Girona More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Granada More votes in favour 7 yes · 0 no
- Guadalajara More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Huelva More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Huesca More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Illes Balears More votes in favour 8 yes · 0 no
- Jaén More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- La Rioja More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Las Palmas More votes in favour 7 yes · 1 no
- León More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Lleida More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Lugo More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Madrid More votes in favour 37 yes · 0 no
- Málaga More votes in favour 11 yes · 0 no
- Melilla More votes in favour 1 yes · 0 no
- Murcia More votes in favour 10 yes · 0 no
- Navarra More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Ourense More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Palencia More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Pontevedra More votes in favour 7 yes · 0 no
- Salamanca More votes in favour 4 yes · 0 no
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife More votes in favour 7 yes · 0 no
- Segovia More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Sevilla More votes in favour 12 yes · 0 no
- Soria More votes in favour 2 yes · 0 no
- Tarragona More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Teruel More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Toledo More votes in favour 6 yes · 0 no
- Valencia/València More votes in favour 15 yes · 0 no
- Valladolid More votes in favour 5 yes · 0 no
- Zamora More votes in favour 3 yes · 0 no
- Zaragoza More votes in favour 6 yes · 1 no
More details: how each group and each province voted
The groups
Who voted in favour and who against?
In favour, most of Euskal Herria Bildu, Republicano, Socialista, Vasco (EAJ-PNV), Mixto, Ciudadanos, Gcup-ec-gc, GPlu, Popular en el Congreso and VOX. 4 deputies voted differently from their group.
By province: in 52 most voted in favour; in 0, against.
Coloured by how most of each province’s deputies voted.
- In favour: 52
- Against: 0
| Group | Seats | How it voted |
|---|---|---|
| Euskal Herria Bildu | 5 | 5 in favour |
| Republicano | 13 | 13 in favour |
| Socialista | 120 | 120 in favour |
| Vasco (EAJ-PNV) | 6 | 4 in favour · 2 did not vote |
| Mixto | 9 | 6 in favour · 1 against · 2 abst. |
| Ciudadanos | 10 | 10 in favour |
| Gcup-ec-gc | 35 | 35 in favour |
| GPlu | 12 | 12 in favour |
| Popular en el Congreso | 88 | 87 in favour · 1 against |
| VOX | 52 | 52 in favour |
What happens next
What happens now?
It is law, or will be once published in the BOE. It comes into force on the date its own text sets.
Published in the BOE: Royal Decree-Law 37/2020, of December 22, on urgent measures to address situations of social and economic vulnerability in the field of housing and transport.
Sources
Where does all this come from?
- Congreso de los Diputados, file 130/000037
Official title, type, author, dates and stage.
Retrieved 11 November 2026
- Congreso de los Diputados, vote 8 of sitting 70
The count and every seat’s vote.
Retrieved 11 November 2026
- BOE, BOE-A-2020-16824
The law as published.
Retrieved 11 November 2026
- The data comes from the open files of the Congreso, the Senate and the BOE, unaltered.
- Each deputy’s province is the one of their seat on the day of the vote.
- We only say “passed” or “rejected” when the majority needed is certain; otherwise we say which side had more votes.