What it is
Austerity measures in non-university teaching are rolled back
BOE step 7 of 7 · PassedIt is a government bill. Introduced by the Government. It was introduced on 16 October 2018. Introduced by: Gobierno.
Official title: Government bill for the improvement of the conditions for the performance of teaching and education in the field of non-university education.
Source: Congreso de los Diputados, file 121/000029· updated 11 Nov
Automatic summary, not yet reviewed
- It repeals Articles 2, 3 and 4 of royal decree-law A rule with the force of law that the Government passes because it is urgent. It applies from its publication, but the Congreso must validate it within 30 days or it lapses. 14/2012, which had allowed raising the maximum number of students per classroom by up to 20%, increased the teaching part of teachers' schedules, and delayed the replacement of teachers by ten school days.
- Education authorities must provide the necessary resources so that the maximum number of students per classroom is not exceeded in primary and compulsory secondary education, nor the limit set for other types of education.
- Each authority with education powers may set the teaching part of the weekly schedule of teachers in public schools, with a recommended maximum of 23 hours in Early Childhood, Primary and Special Education centers, and 18 hours in the rest of general education.
- The measures in the single article apply from the start of the school year following the entry into force of the law, and the State will establish an adequate and sufficient funding framework to implement them.
Who it affects
- Students in primary and compulsory secondary education: It is guaranteed that the maximum number of students per classroom is not exceeded.
- Teachers in public schools: Their teaching schedule is again regulated by each education authority, with recommended maximums of 23 or 18 hours depending on the type of education.
- Education authorities: They regain the power to set teaching schedules and must ensure the resources needed to respect maximum class sizes.
- Public schools: They can once again appoint temporary teachers for replacements without the ten school day wait set by Royal Decree-Law 14/2012.
Words worth knowing
- Parte lectiva (teaching load)
- The hours of a teacher's schedule spent actually teaching, not counting other tasks such as meetings or lesson preparation.
- Administraciones Educativas (education authorities)
- The bodies of the Autonomous Communities and the State that manage education in their territory.
- Funcionarios interinos (temporary civil servant teachers)
- Teachers hired temporarily to fill positions on a provisional basis, for example during a substitution.
- Tasa de reposición (replacement rate)
- A limit on how many civil servant positions can be filled when someone retires or leaves the job.
- royal decree-law
- A rule with the force of law that the Government passes because it is urgent. It applies from its publication, but the Congreso must validate it within 30 days or it lapses.
- decree-law
- A rule with the force of law that the Government passes because it is urgent. It applies from its publication, but the Congreso must validate it within 30 days or it lapses.
It summarizes the law as published in the BOE. It is written by artificial intelligence and may contain mistakes: the official text is what counts. Read the official text · How we make summaries
Where it stands
How far did it get?
It took 7 of 7 steps. It reached BOE, and today it is passed.
- Introduced16 October 2018Someone registers the text in the Congreso.
- Admitted25 October 2018The Bureau of the Congreso accepts it and, for a members’ bill, the plenary decides whether to consider it.
- Amendments26 October 2018Groups propose changes.
- Committeeno dateA committee goes through the text in detail.
- Plenary12 December 2018All 350 deputies vote.
- Senate13 December 2018The Senate can pass it, amend it or veto it.
- BOE21 February 2019It is published in the Official State Gazette (BOE) and comes into force.
See the 8 official steps on a timeline
21 February 2019
How did the plenary vote?
Voted on: Amendments to Sole Article 2.
This law had 14 votes; this is the latest with every deputy’s vote. See them all
Source: Congreso de los Diputados, vote 26 of sitting 173· updated 10 Nov
Each dot is a seat. Tap one, or use the arrow keys, to see who it is.
Your province
How did the deputies from your province vote?
And your senators: the Senate does not link its votes to this law in its open data, so we cannot put them side by side here.
Or see how most of each province voted
- A Coruña More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
- Albacete Tie 2 yes · 2 no
- Alicante/Alacant More votes in favour 7 yes · 5 no
- Almería More votes in favour 4 yes · 2 no
- Araba/Álava More votes against 1 yes · 3 no
- Asturias Tie 4 yes · 4 no
- Ávila More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Badajoz Tie 3 yes · 3 no
- Barcelona More votes against 8 yes · 22 no
- Bizkaia More votes against 1 yes · 5 no · 1 abst.
- Burgos More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Cáceres Tie 2 yes · 2 no
- Cádiz More votes against 4 yes · 5 no
- Cantabria More votes in favour 3 yes · 1 no
- Castellón/Castelló More votes in favour 3 yes · 2 no
- Ceuta More votes in favour 1 yes · 0 no
- Ciudad Real More votes in favour 3 yes · 2 no
- Córdoba Tie 3 yes · 3 no
- Cuenca More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Gipuzkoa More votes against 0 yes · 5 no · 1 abst.
- Girona More votes against 0 yes · 6 no
- Granada More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
- Guadalajara More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Huelva More votes against 2 yes · 3 no
- Huesca More votes against 1 yes · 2 no
- Illes Balears More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
- Jaén Tie 2 yes · 2 no
- La Rioja More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Las Palmas More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
- León Tie 2 yes · 2 no
- Lleida More votes against 1 yes · 3 no
- Lugo More votes against 1 yes · 2 no
- Madrid More votes in favour 18 yes · 14 no
- Málaga More votes in favour 6 yes · 5 no
- Melilla More votes in favour 1 yes · 0 no
- Murcia More votes in favour 7 yes · 3 no
- Navarra More votes against 0 yes · 3 no · 2 abst.
- Ourense More votes in favour 3 yes · 1 no
- Palencia More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Pontevedra More votes against 3 yes · 4 no
- Salamanca More votes in favour 3 yes · 1 no
- Santa Cruz de Tenerife More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
- Segovia More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Sevilla More votes against 5 yes · 7 no
- Soria Tie 1 yes · 1 no
- Tarragona More votes against 2 yes · 3 no
- Teruel More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Toledo Tie 3 yes · 3 no
- Valencia/València Tie 8 yes · 8 no
- Valladolid More votes in favour 3 yes · 2 no
- Zamora More votes in favour 2 yes · 1 no
- Zaragoza More votes in favour 4 yes · 3 no
More details: how each group and each province voted
The groups
Who voted in favour and who against?
In favour, most of Ciudadanos and Popular en el Congreso. Against, most of Socialista, Vasco (EAJ-PNV), Mixto, Gcup-ec-em and GER. 5 deputies voted differently from their group.
By province: in 28 most voted in favour; in 14, against.
Coloured by how most of each province’s deputies voted.
- In favour: 28
- Against: 14
- Tie: 10
| Group | Seats | How it voted |
|---|---|---|
| Socialista | 84 | 81 against · 3 did not vote |
| Vasco (EAJ-PNV) | 5 | 5 against |
| Mixto | 19 | 1 in favour · 13 against · 4 abst. · 1 did not vote |
| Ciudadanos | 32 | 30 in favour · 2 did not vote |
| Gcup-ec-em | 67 | 61 against · 6 did not vote |
| GER | 9 | 8 against · 1 did not vote |
| Popular en el Congreso | 134 | 132 in favour · 2 did not vote |
What happens next
What happens now?
It is law, or will be once published in the BOE. It comes into force on the date its own text sets.
The same initiative in the other chamber:
- XII Legislature, Senate Government bill for the improvement of the conditions for the performance of teaching and education in the field of non-university education.
Published in the BOE: Law 4/2019, of March 7, on improving conditions for the performance of teaching and education in the field of non-university education.
Sources
Where does all this come from?
- Congreso de los Diputados, file 121/000029
Official title, type, author, dates and stage.
Retrieved 11 November 2026
- Congreso de los Diputados, vote 26 of sitting 173
The count and every seat’s vote.
Retrieved 10 November 2026
- BOE, BOE-A-2019-3307
The law as published.
Retrieved 11 November 2026
- The data comes from the open files of the Congreso, the Senate and the BOE, unaltered.
- Each deputy’s province is the one of their seat on the day of the vote.
- We only say “passed” or “rejected” when the majority needed is certain; otherwise we say which side had more votes.